Ernst Schule Internationale

이름:김단우 6학년

고대 그리스

Ancient Greece (Greek: Ἑλλάς, romanized: Hellás) was a 文明 belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (c. AD 600). This era was immediately followed by the Early Middle ages and the byzantine 시대. Roughly three centuries after the Late bronze ages collapse of Mycenaean 그리스, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the Archaic 時代 and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the age of Classical Greece, from the Greco-Persian Wars to the 5th to 4th centuries BC. The conquests of 알렉산드로스 대왕 of 마케도니아spread Hellenistic civilization from the western Mediterranean to Central Asia. The Hellenistic period ended with the 征服 of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman 國家, and the annexation of the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman 帝國. Classical Greek culture, especially philosophy, had a powerful 영향on ancient Rome, which carried a version of it throughout the 지중해 and much of 유럽. For this reason, Classical Greece is generally considered the cradle of Western civilization, the seminal culture from which the modern West derives many of its founding archetypes and ideas in politics, philosophy(哲學), science(과학), (科學), and art.

歷史 of Greece and Archaic period in Greece

In the 8th century 紀元前, Greece began to emerge from the Dark Ages which followed the collapse of Mycenaean 문명. Literacy had been lost and Mycenaean script forgotten, but the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, modifying it to create the 그리스 alphabet. 그리스는 지리에 따라 크게 좌우되는 작은 자치 공동체로 나뉘어졌습니다. 모든 섬, 溪谷 및 平野는 sea 나 山脈에 의해 이웃과 분리되어 있습니다. The Lelantine 전쟁 (c. 710 – c. 650 紀元前) is the earliest documented war of the ancient Greek period. It was fought between the important poleis (city-states) of Chalcis and Eretria over the fertile Lelantine plain of Euboea. Chalcis가 명목상 승리자 였음에도 불구하고 두 도시 모두 긴 전쟁의 결과로 쇠퇴를 겪은 것 같습니다. The emigration effectively ceased in the 6th century 기원전 by which time the Greek world had, culturally and linguistically, become much larger than the area of present-day Greece. As a result, Rome became the new dominant 힘 against the fading 力 of the Sicilian Greek cities and the fading Carthaginian hegemony. In the second half of the 6th century BC, Athens fell under the tyranny of Peisistratos followed by his sons Hippias and Hipparchos. 그러나 기원전 510 년, 아테네 귀족 Cleomenes의 선동으로 나는 아테네 인들이 Tyranny을 무너 뜨리는 것을 도왔습니다. Sparta and Athens promptly turned on each other, at which point Cleomenes I installed Isagoras as a pro-Spartan archon. Eager to secure Athens' independence from Spartan control, Cleisthenes proposed a political revolution: 모든 시민이 권력을 공유한다는, 지위에 관계없이, making Athens a "democracy". The democratic enthusiasm of the Athenians swept out Isagoras and threw back the Spartan-led invasion to restore him. The advent of democracy cured many of the social ills of 아테네 그리고 ushered in the Golden age.

Ancient Greek philosophy

Ancient Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. In many ways, it had an important influence on modern philosophy, as well as modern science. Clear unbroken lines of influence lead from ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophers, to medieval Muslim philosophers and Islamic scientists, to the European Renaissance and Enlightenment, to the secular sciences of the modern day. Neither reason nor inquiry began with the Greeks. Some of the well-known philosophers of ancient Greece were Plato and Socrates, among others. They have aided in information about ancient Greek society through writings such as The Republic, by Plato.

결론: 그리스는 법을 중요시 여겼다. 그리고 그리스의 통치형태는 도시국가였고, 그리고 그리스의 민주주의를 세운사람은 기원전 640년경에 태어난 솔론이라는 사람이다. 솔론의 아버지는 아테네가 공화국이 되기 전 마지막 왕인 코드로스의 후손이었다. 그리고 솔론은 그런 위대한 가문의 후손이니 남에게 베풀며 사는 것이 당연하다고 여겼다. 아~ 그리고 솔론이라는 사람은 고대 그리스의 일곱명 중 한 사람이다. 그리고 솔론이 법을 만들었는데 짐 덜기 라는 법 이었다. 그 법은 부자와 거지를 모두 만족시키는 법이었다. 무슨 법 이었냐하면 바로 가난한 사람들의 빛을 없에주는 법이었다.